Abundant Peace
by John Stevens
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Book Summary Information
Author: John StevensEdition: Paperback
Audio: English (Unknown); English (Original Language); English (Published)
Published: 1987-05-12
ISBN: 0877733503
Number of pages: 129
Publisher: Shambhala
Book Reviews of Abundant Peace
Book Review: "In true budo there are no enemies."---Morihei Ueshiba
Summary: 4 Stars
ABUNDANT PEACE is akidoka John Stevens' rather quirky (coffee table paperback) biography of the rather quirky Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969), the founder of Aikido, usually referred to by Aikidokai (but interestingly, never by Stevens himself in this book) as O'Sensei, the Great Teacher.
Stevens unhesitatingly says that Ueshiba was "undoubtedly the greatest martial artist who ever lived" and this claim may well be true. The diminutive (5'0'') Ueshiba was able to pin sumo wrestlers with one finger, evade multiple attackers with such grace that he literally became invisible to them, and could defeat an opponent simply by uttering a "peculiar kiai."
Ueshiba ultimately became a universalist, but very little in the first half of his life indicated that he would do so. Ueshiba was idiosyncratic at best (he was given to pounding his head against rocks hundreds of times a day in order to thicken his skull and enjoyed uprooting small trees barehanded in contests of strength), temperamental, moody, and given to egoistic adventurism (he founded an agricultural colony on barren Hokkaido, later leaving it suddenly and without explanation, and was intimately involved in the Great Mongolian Adventure, a Japanese expansionist incursion into China for which he was nearly hanged by that country's leaders).
The one constant in Ueshiba's life was martial arts, and even here his choices seemed strange. As a young man he came under the tutelage of Sokaku Takeda, a hard-drinking, violent and mendacious street fighter who was also the last Samurai-trained warrior in Japan. Although Ueshiba later broke with Sokaku, early Aikido clearly owes much to the man.
Following his break with Sokaku, Ueshiba became a close disciple of Onisaburo, the founder of Omoto-Kyo, a messianic Shinto sect. The odd Onisaburo was part charlatan, part clairvoyant, part spiritualist, and part Liberace (at least in his theatricality). In the 1920s, Japan was undergoing a spiritual crisis as those who followed the old ways finally died out and modernity and militarism became key. Dime store messiahs seemed to be on every streetcorner, but Onisaburo maintained his credibility. The Omoto-Kyo sect became so popular that it was violently suppressed by the government around 1932. A few selected personages (Ueshiba among them) were spared. In Ueshiba's case, his martial arts prowess was such that he was appointed to teach the Japanese military. It may seem ironic that Ueshiba (whose name means "Abundant Peace") was teaching Aikido ("The Way of Peace") to what was unquestionably one of the most bellicose organizations ever formed, but it was not the first, nor would it be the last, time that irony ruled Ueshiba's life.
In 1942, Ueshiba underwent the second of his three great enlightenments in which he perceived the oneness of all life, soon thereafter resigning his offices and becoming a committed pacifist. Stevens rather cynically points out that his second enlightenment occurred not long after Pearl Harbor, when Ueshiba's retreat from public life would mean that he had little chance of being marked as a war criminal after the Pacific War, a war he knew Japan could not win. Be that as it may, Ueshiba is proof positive that human beings can grow and change throughout their lives. There is no greater difference ever seen than between the dour middle-aged Ueshiba, looking like a Mexican bandit while being photographed in leg irons as a Chinese prisoner during the Great Mongolian Adventure, and the aged will o' the wisp bearded sage who created a kakemono which reads, "The lovely form of heaven and earth lovingly created by the Great God, Father of Humankind."
Stevens rather bizarrely divided ABUNDANT PEACE into three sections. "The Man" is a straightforward, honest, but rather colorless recitation of the facts of Ueshiba's outer life. "The Martial Artist" addresses Ueshiba's development of Aikido over his lifetime from a form of attack and defense into a philosophy of love. "The Message" is a discussion of Ueshiba's inner life, the spiritual underpinnings of Aikido, the importance of ki (life energy) in the practice, and (though Ueshiba was Shinto not Buddhist) Aikido's relationship especially to Zen (Stevens himself is a Professor of Buddhist studies, which explains this otherwise inexplicable focus on a faith not Ueshiba's own). Despite Ueshiba's Omoto-Kyo Shinto practice, so much of his writing is identical to Zen philosophy that the cross-pollination of Japanese culture is completely evident throughout.
The problem with this three-way division of ABUNDANT PEACE is that each section presents us a dynamically different Ueshiba, dividing him into three parts. Unlike Caesar's Gaul, it would have been better if Stevens had given us a unified portrait of this incredibly complex, self-contradictory, earthy and spiritual man, and brought him alive. As it is, ABUNDANT PEACE is a fine if brief introduction to the world of Aikido and it's amazing founder.
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